Interactivity
Background Research & Finding Facts
Background Research & Finding Facts
Comes
from the word Interact, which means to act together or towards others or with
others or objects. Interactivity therefore means the dialog that occurs between
a human being (and possibly another live creature) and a computer program. A
different definition of Interactivity is allowing or relating to continuous
two-way transfer of information between a user and the central point of a
communication system, such as a computer (websites-drop down menus) or television.
Another meaning to interactivity is the degree to which two or more
communication parties can act on each other, on the communication medium and on
the messages and the degree to which such influences are synchronized. Interactivity can both be used as a noun to
signify a general phenomenon, or to signify a property, example “the
interactivity of the modern computer”. To understand the
measures of interactivity one must take into note:
1. Complexity of choice available
2. Amount of
effort users must exert to access information
3.
Responsiveness of the medium
4. Monitoring
information use
5. Ease of
adding information and
6. Facilitation
of interpersonal communication.
Computer systems were designed so that average people (not just
programmers) could interact immediately with computers, telling them what
programs to run and then interacting with those programs, such as word
processors (then called "editors"), drawing programs (Adobe
Illustrator), and other interactive programs. The first interactive
human-computer interfaces tended to be input text sequences called
"commands" (as in "DOS commands") and terse one-line
responses from the system. Interactivity has different branches. There is:
·
Interactive media, which is a method of communication in which the
program's outputs depend on the user's inputs, and the user's inputs in turn affect
the program's outputs. These inputs and outputs (media) refer to text, animation,
and graphics, audio and games, for example smartphones, websites. It is the
study of the wonders and experiences of the human and machine relationship.
Interactive media has always existed, in the 19th century it was
through vending machines, ATMs and arcade games (http://www.nga.gov/kids/zone/seasaws.htm)
·
Interactive design is interaction between human beings by means of
a product or a service or designing interactive digital products, environments
and systems. Interactive designs influence emotional responses in target users as
they are created for a certain type of persona to give out either a negative or
positive feedback. Interactive designs come in forms ranging from 1D to 5D
(The behavior defines the user’s actions reaction to
the interface and how they respond to it). It can also be viewed as providing
interactivity through a focus on the capabilities and constraints of human
cognitive processing.
Interactive design consists
of user control, responsiveness, real-time interactions, connectedness, personalization,
and playfulness. . According to Gary W. Selnow interactivity is in
three levels:
1.
Communicative Recognition: This communication is
specific to the partner. Feedback is based on recognition of the partner. When
a learner inputs information into a computer and the computer responds
specifically to that input, there is mutual recognition. The menu format allows
mutual recognition.
2.
Feedback: The responses are based on previous
feedback. As the communication continues, the feedback progresses to reflect
understanding. When a learner refines a search query and the computer responds
with a refined list, message exchange is progressing.
3.
Information Flow: There is an opportunity for a
two-way flow of information. It is necessary both the learner and the computer
have means of exchanging information. The search engine tool allows for learner
input via use of the keyboard and the computer responds with written
information.
·
Interactive art
is the use of art in new media technology created for and dependent upon a
second party of humans to experience its purpose, in a personal and engaging
manner. This manner includes motion sensors linked to a computer whereby the audience
participate in some way by providing an input in order to determine the outcome
of the artwork. Interaction art comes in different types including drama,
dance, performance and motion. Since it is interactive art, each viewer makes their
own interpretation of the artwork and it may be completely different than
another viewer's interpretations. The relationship or formula that makes up
this form of art is:
Artist + Competent Agent +Interaction +Audience.
|
Vibration (turboelectric
and inertia-switch sensors), Magnetism (magnetic sensors and magnetometers),
interactive architecture, installation art etc. There are a number of software/tools
that go hand in hand with interactive art, these include Processing, Max/MSP,
I-Cube etc.
Interactivity enables user to be actively thinking
about the information being presented, making predetermined decisions, and
presumably, acquiring the information or skills desired. This consists of
playfulness, choice, information collection and reciprocal
communication.
Interactivity provides an opportunity for organizations to build
relationships with the public, through two-way symmetrical interactive
applications. Interactivity leads to the social construction of meaning as students
share knowledge and participate in collaborative and cooperative activities in
the environment /space.
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